The horns of dilemma: Life or sovereignty

Death and dying are the bitter truth that is faced by every person inevitably. Paying respect to the decision of a patient in a hospital setting is always a challenging task. In eastern countries, family plays an important role in decision making. But it always overrides the preferences and wishes of the patient and this leads to violation of ethical principles such as autonomy, informed consent and veracity. Looking a situation from different paradigms and deciding the best solution on the ground of ethical principles should be the utmost priority of the healthcare provider

Image Segmentation Using Marker-Controlled Watershed Transformation and Morphology

The watershed segmentation methods are essential methods, to be considered for quick results in image handling and analysis. However, the main problem arises in produced image because it causes excess segmentation and noise. This research is conducted to improve this presented algorithm based on the mathematical morphology and filters to minimize flaws mentioned in that paper. Objective of this research is to find the gaps in the existing literary works. In most cases, themarker based segmentation is best because it marks the part of segment. The working of this proposed algorithm is checked by optimization of the part that is still an area of research

Efficient and Secure Key Management and Authentication Scheme for WBSNs Using CP-ABE and Consortium Blockchain

publishedVersio

Epidemiology of rabies in Pakistan: A review of literature

Objective: This literature review aims to explore the risk factors, preventive measures and treatment options for people with rabies especially in Pakistan. Introduction: It is suggested that nearly 2,000 to 5,000 deaths been reported annually due to rabies, in Pakistan. It is estimated that above 30,000 people die each year because of rabies in Asia. One Asian expires every 15 minutes where 15% are probable to be the children under 15 years.Methods: Comprehensive and systematic literature search was undertaken by using various electronic research databases. Studies were eligible for this review if they were published in last twenty years in english language and focused on epidemiology, risk factors, consequences, prevention and treatment of rabies especially in Pakistan.Results: Rabies is a prevalent disease and there are so many barriers especially in Pakistan which led this issue to persist. Lack of awareness and improper vaccination of dogs are the major leading issues which are increasing the number of patients affected by rabies day by day.Conclusion: Results suggest that rabies is one of the common diseases in Asia and the root cause of which is lack of awareness and stray dogs especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Since this overlooked illness can lead to serious complications, the issue should be addressed to promote public health

Enhancing patient well-being: Applying environmental theory in nursing practice

Theoretical framework always guides nursing practice and nurses follow this unconsciously. This paper highlights the work of Florence nightingale who, identified the application of environmental theory in nursing practice. Nightingale has defined 13 canons of environment and explained each aspect in detail. Her major canons include: ventilation, noise, cleanliness of walls/rooms, light, bed and bedding, personal cleanliness, and taking food. Nightingale has beautifully described the effect of application of her theory. The theory when applied, yields a positive impact on patient’s health. The learning outcomes of this research will help the people in medical science to understand the correlation between environmental theory and nursing practices for the wellbeing of patients. And if one is failed to apply all of the concepts in clinical area then it can lead to delayed recovery of the patient

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive potential of isoxazole carboxamide derivatives

Abstract Background Isoxazole is an important pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry with a wide range of pharmacological activities. The present study deals with the synthesis and evaluation of antinociceptive potential of nine novel 3-substituted-isoxazole-4-carboxamide derivatives. Synthesis In the first step, respective oxime was prepared and further treated with ethylacetoacetate and anhydrous zinc chloride followed by hydrolysis of ester to furnish 3-substituted isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid. The respective carboxylic acids were converted to acid chlorides and condensed with aromatic amines to get the target carboxamide derivatives (A1–A5 and B1–B5). These compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and elemental analysis data and screened for their analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writhing assay and hot plat test in mice and compared with the standard centrally acting analgesic, tramadol. Results All the synthesized carboxamide derivatives showed low to moderate analgesic activity. Among the synthesized derivatives B2 having methoxy (OCH3) showed high analgesic activity as compared to tramadol both in acetic acid-induced writhing assay and hot plate assay at dose of 6 mg/kg. To examine the involvement of opioidergic mechanism in the mediation of analgesic effects of isoxazole derivatives animals were further treated with non-selective opioid analgesic, naloxone (0.5 mg/kg). The results showed that compounds A3 and B2 follow a non-opioid receptor pathway in the mediation of analgesic effects. Synthesized compounds A3 and B2 were docked against non-opioid receptors COX-1 (3N8X), COX-2 (1PXX) and human capsaicin receptor (HCR, 3J9J) to analyze their binding interactions. They showed binding energies in the range of − 7.5 to − 9.7 kcal/mol. Conclusions The results indicated that isoxazole carboxamide derivatives possess moderate analgesic potential especially compounds A3 and B2 can be considered as lead molecules and explored further for pain management with fewer side effects

A REVIEW ON MOLECULAR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS

Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the commercially important dairy bacterium and considered as second most important starter culture in the manufacturing of dairy products (Yoghurt and cheese). To enhance the variety of these starter culture are not only essential to bring new strains with unique and desired characteristics, but also for the maintenance of these yoghurt starters which reduces with the overuse. In this review, different genes are used for the detection of S. thermophilus by molecular methods and as well strains producing exopolysaccharide are discussed. Molecular analysis including pulsed field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction are addressed. Since the dairy industry is keep in searching of new dairy starters for increasing the diversity of its product range, nowadays their keen attention is to explore new starter strains with high potentiality to give fermentation product

The Prevalence of Scabies in District Abbottabad of Pakistan

Scabies is a skin infection which is caused by pathogen Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a contagious disease which is transmitted from one to another person through direct contact but can also be transmitted due to sharing of things like towels, clothing etc. It was estimated that almost 300 million cases of scabies occur worldwide. It is characterized by itching, rash, sores and thick crusts on different body parts such as fingers, axilla, wrist, and genitalia etc. The burrow ink and handheld tests are mostly used to screen a large number of patients. The current study was conducted to analyze the 3 years trend of scabies epidemiology on Tehsil level in different health care units of District Abbottabad during January 2017 December 2019. During the study period total 44,569 cases were reported in District Abbottabad. Results have shown that Primary health care facilities have highest proportion of scabies (67.38%) and prevalence was highest during 2018 (37.90%). The Highest frequency (32%) of scabies occurred during summer with peak in July. Tehsil Abbottabad (67.21%) showed high prevalence as compared to Havelian (32.79%). Risk factors for scabies prevalence were might be higher humidity, physical overcrowding, illiteracy and low socioeconomic status. There is a positive association between number of cases of scabies, temperature and humidity because these factors provide suitable conditions for parasite growth and their survival in human body. The current findings may help the government in making infrastructure for the health-care system development in future